Not Limited by Experience

This week, Literary Hub published an interview with Chang-rae Lee about his new novel, A Tender Age (Riverhead Books, August 2026). The novel follows Jeon-Gi, an eleven-year-old Korean-American immigrant at summer camp in 1976. It is Lee’s most personal book.

Lee came to the United States from Seoul at age three, with his mother and sister, to join his father, a psychiatrist who had immigrated earlier. He grew up in Westchester County, outside New York City. As a child, he often translated for his Korean-speaking mother. He stood between two languages for her, carrying her words into English and the world’s words back to her.

He went to Exeter, then Yale, then to an MFA program at the University of Oregon. His thesis became his debut novel. His first book was not memoir. It was a spy novel. He found a form the facts alone could not have held.

When asked why he chose fiction rather than autobiography to tell this story, Lee said: “I’m just too restless in what I want from a story. I don’t want to be limited by my experience.”

He described making tteokguk this week — Korean rice cake soup, a broth of kelp and dried anchovies — trying to get the exact flavor his mother used to make. He was tasting it with his adult daughter, asking her: do you taste the fishiness and the sea? “That, for me,” he said, “is why life is worth living.”

He was not talking about cooking. He was talking about what fiction is for — trying to give someone else the feeling of something they did not live, so precisely and so honestly the feeling arrives whole.

In 1989, Eva Hoffman published Lost in Translation: A Life in a New Language, a memoir about emigrating from Kraków, Poland, to Vancouver, Canada, at age thirteen. She had grown up in a Polish Jewish family, speaking Polish and Yiddish and German. At thirteen, she arrived in a country where none of those languages worked.

She described what happened to her feelings when she lost her language. In Polish, she had words for every shade of sadness, every quality of light on a winter afternoon, every particular longing. In English, the words were approximate. The feelings were still there. The words were a size too large or a size too small.

She wrote: “I have to translate myself.”

She also wrote: “English is not my native tongue, but it is the language in which I live.” She did not mean she had given up the first language. She meant the first language and the second had made something between them — something neither could make alone.

Her memoir is not only about loss. It is about the discovery, in the gap between languages, of a self who could speak from both. She did not write the book she would have written in Polish. She wrote the book only an immigrant into English could write.

Lee does not want to be limited by his experience. Hoffman found she had to translate herself. Both are describing the same thing from different directions.

The experience itself is never quite the truth you are trying to reach. The experience is what happened. The truth is what it felt like, what it meant, what it made possible, what it cost. The experience is the surface. The truth lives below.

The Power of Authors teaches: fiction is not a flight from truth. It is the form you use when the truth is too large for the facts to hold. Lee was an immigrant child translating for his mother. His debut novel was a spy thriller. He found a form the autobiography alone could not have made. The feelings arrived anyway — in the spy’s alienation, in the immigrant’s double life, in the loss of a self lived between two languages.

You have a true experience you do not know how to write. You have tried it as memoir and it flattens. You have tried it as fiction and it feels like a lie.

It is not a lie. It is the form searching for itself. Keep writing. Lee made tteokguk and asked his daughter: do you taste the sea? He has been trying to pass the feeling across for thirty years.

Find the form your truth requires. The facts are not the limit. They are the starting point.

Discover why purpose is the foundation of every sentence worth writing in The Power of Authors by Evan and Lois Swensen.

The Power of Authors is available from Amazon or your favorite bookseller: http://evanswensen.com. If you’d like an autographed copy, you can order it here: http://bit.ly/4pgmzjM.

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